These results clearly demonstrated that resveratrol derivatives might serve as potential antioxidants in foods and biological systems. Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated resveratrol analogue, was first isolated from Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandalwood), a plant used in traditional medicine for diabetes treatment 26. This Pterocarpus marsupium active constituent is mainly found in blueberries, grapes, and several plant woods. Pterostilbene has a similar structure to resveratrol except that in A ring 3 and 5 position was replaced by a methoxyl group 26. This compound pro-lipophilicity, greater than that of resveratrol, increases its bioavailability 28,29,30 resulting in stronger bioactivities, including anticancer, anti-lipidemic, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects than those of resveratrol 26,31,32.
2. Relationship between alcohol consumption and eGFR stratified by gender and hyperuricemia status.
Considering that unhealthy behaviors among alcoholics can be a risk factor for increasing the odds of developing CKD, it seems that evaluating the association between alcohol consumption and CKD prevalence and severity is very significant. In fact, according to previous reports, alcohol consumption is a factor that may interfere with the prognosis of CKD. It seems that the alcohol consumption trend is a significant factor affecting CKD in these patients. Contrary to empirical studies, the alcohol consumption trend in humans is very imprecise, and the major question of whether occasional, frequent, and excessive drinking statuses cause kidney failure and progression of kidney diseases has remained unanswered. Although light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may not pose a risk to patients with CKD, the patients’ condition needs to be considered.
6. Study Design
Resveratrol-like other derivatives are one of the most promising compounds on anti-inflammatory drug formulation. Nevertheless, its attractiveness, amendments to their structure/bioavailability/activity must be increased. Also, it has been shown that is able to mimic caloric restriction effects, exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and even affect many diseases initiation and progression through several mechanisms. While there is a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence that resveratrol could be a promising therapeutic agent, clinical trials must confirm its potential. Resveratrol has been reported to both reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis in normal cells, when administered at high doses, which confirm its biphasic effects over low to high concentrations spectrum 145.
Biological Activities of Resveratrol
Moreover, copper concentration is reported to be raised in various malignancies; so, this study explains resveratrol anticancer activity 132. Resveratrol possess many biological properties, but the best described resveratrol property is their capacity to act as a potent antioxidant 39. Resveratrol antioxidant activity depends upon the arrangement of functional groups on nuclear structure. Therefore, configuration, substitution, and total hydroxyl groups number substantially influence several mechanisms of antioxidant activity, such as radical scavenging and metal ion chelation abilities.
Resveratrol was first isolated from white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes) roots in 1940, then from Polygonum cuspidatum roots in 1963, a plant used in traditional Chinese and Japanese Medicine as anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet agent. This natural polyphenol has been detected in more than 70 plant species, and is also found in discrete amounts in red wines and various human foods. High concentrations are present in grapes, possibly because of Vitis vinifera response to fungal infection. In plants, resveratrol acts as a phytoalexin that is synthesized in response to mechanical injury, UV irradiation and fungal attacks. For industrial purposes, resveratrol is generally obtained by chemical or biotechnological synthesis from yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4,5,6,7,8.
Second, compared to direct estimations of renal function, single assessments of serum creatinine produce a rather imprecise eGFR. Finally, some of the study population reported several risk factors (eg, advanced age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) and the possible effects of the underlying diseases and medications could not be excluded from the present findings. Hence, we sought to examine the association of alcohol consumption with the change and rapid decline in kidney function over 12 years in a South Korean population-based cohort study.
Additionally, the kidneys help regulate blood pressure, stimulate red blood cell production, and contribute to bone health. In order to understand the effects how does alcohol affect kidneys of alcohol on kidney health, you need to understand what purpose kidneys serve. The primary function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. According to the National Kidney Foundation, consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day increases your risk of high blood pressure, and high blood pressure is a common cause of chronic kidney disease.
Alerna Kidney Health
Our sample comprised 742 men aged 69 ± 11 years (mean ± standard deviation) and 977 women aged 69 ± 10 years from a rural area. We cross‐sectionally examined the relationships between the confounding factors of alcohol consumption and SUA with renal function denoted by eGFR estimated using CKD‐EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equations modified by a Japanese coefficient. The current study enrolled 45,200 subjects, which was a representative cohort for the Taiwan population. The follow-up period was 13 years, which was long enough to observe the development of CKD; thus, the research had appropriate power.
If there is discrepancy, it needs to be determined if a substance other than ethanol may be responsible for the blood pressure changes. These are some of the questions that remain unanswered, and it is our hope that they are addressed in future studies. Drinking a little alcohol (one to two standard drinks) usually does not cause severe effects on a healthy adult. However, excessive drinking- more than four standard drinks per day can cause adverse health effects and damage the kidneys. Moreover, women with a lower activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase have lower gastric first-pass metabolism of alcohol, which also leads to a higher concentration of alcohol than in men 92. Since women have a higher blood concentration of alcohol, they may be more sensitive to alcohol than men 3,50,90.
- In fact, since copper ions are known to be found in a nucleus bound to guanine bases in chromatin, the mobilization of such endogenous copper by resveratrol result in pro-oxidant DNA cleavage at the site.
- One possible mechanism is oxidative stress resulting from increased production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to an excessive amount of free radicals, which in turn trigger tissue injury and increase inflammation.
- Some individuals put social pressure upon others to drink to justify their own intake and you do not need to give in to this pressure.
- Table 1 presents the baseline characteristics of the study participants grouped according to OBS quartiles.
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Therefore, excessive alcohol consumption places a major strain on the normal metabolic processes of the kidneys. For example, alcohol can induce the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which can result in oxidative stress in the kidneys, leading to potential renal injury resulting from hemodynamic disorders and inflammation 24–28. Apart from its cardioprotective effects, resveratrol also exerts anticarcinogenic, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Unfortunately, we only know that low-concentration ethanol can improve renal antioxidant capacity, but the exact dose and period are still unclear.
- Acute kidney failure or acute kidney injury is rare but it can occur with binge drinking, and usually can be corrected.
- Another noteworthy problem is alcohol consumption in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- A study carried out by Martins et al. revealed that resveratrol can modulate different pathways at a time, which can result in distinct and even opposite biological effects, depending on its concentration or treatment time defined.
- Second, it investigates whether the interactive relationship between alcohol consumption and SUA is independently related to eGFR using cross‐sectional data from community‐dwelling persons.
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For example, resveratrol and piceid have similar antioxidant capacity, but piceid appears to be more efficacious than resveratrol due to its reaction with its radical form 22,23. Indeed, resveratrol-glycoside was more effective than resveratrol against hepatitis B virus 24,25. Piceatannol, with one more hydroxyl group, was already reported as having stronger anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, anti-leishmanial, anti-leukemic, and protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitory effects 19. Vodka’s diuretic properties can lead to dehydration, creating a risk for stone formation.
Coli and Staphylococcus aureus culture supplemented with resveratrol and treated with antimicrobials reduced ROS concentrations to sublethal levels, that are mutagenic, while the absence of resveratrol allows ROS to high enough to kill mutagenized cells. The connection between alcohol consumption and kidney stones is a nuanced interplay of various factors, both direct and indirect. While alcohol doesn’t directly form kidney stones, its effects on the body can contribute to the conditions that favor their development. If you’re curious whether that glass of wine or cocktail might affect your kidney health, you’ve come to the right place.
This subsequently promotes the conversion of H2O2 to the more reactive hydroxyl radicals, which cause damage in antioxidant capacities and mitochondria in alcohol consumption can be a double-edged sword for chronic kidney disease patients pmc renal cells 34,42,43. Samadi et al. also suggested that ethanol induces depression of nephrin and podocin in podocytes, which contributes to renal injury and proteinuria and is mediated by oxidative stress 44. The subgroup analysis revealed a consistent negative correlation between OBS and CKD within the CVD subgroups. However, in other subgroups, this negative correlation was only significantly observed among males, individuals older than 60 years, and those with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Notably, age-stratified analysis uncovered a significant interaction, which may be attributed to the increased accumulation of ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity with advancing age (46).