The underlying mechanisms involved in the development and progression of HRS are incompletely understood, although it is plausible that the altered balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator factors plays a significant role (Lenz 2005). These are signs that the kidneys are not working as they should, and they can be symptoms of acute kidney injury due to a high alcohol consumption. Abstaining from alcohol is a difficult challenge on its own, but for a person who is struggling with kidney problems, there are additional health considerations to take into account. With the passage of time and positive changes, the kidneys can return to normal, optimal functioning. A compromised diluting ability has important implications for the management of patients with advanced liver disease. We analyzed and compared the advantages and disadvantages of alcohol consumption for patients with CKD and the contradictions in existing studies, and we hope to provide some information for clinical decision-making and policy formulation.
3. Cardioprotective Effects
While we know that drinking alcohol doesn’t directly impact one’s development of type 2 diabetes, drinking alcohol can have serious side effects for people who have diabetes or are prone to low blood sugar issues. Drink moderately and always be sure to eat a balanced meal if you are drinking booze, as food can mitigate the effect alcohol has on your glucose levels. Check with your doctor to ensure that you shouldn’t have any adverse reactions and that alcohol consumption can be a double-edged sword for chronic kidney disease patients pmc your medication will not contribute to low blood sugars while drinking alcohol.
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The survey questions did not distinguish non-drinkers and former drinkers, and former drinkers were categorized as non-drinkers. Former drinkers are mostly remarkable, as their health status may be worse, and morbidity and mortality are higher than never drinkers 27. In addition, the beverage type and exact amount of alcohol consumed were not available in the dataset. The detailed differences among the three drinking groups are analyzed by the univariable and multivariable Cox model. Not only the univariable analysis, but also the non-proportionality, may affect the multivariable model.
Sampling procedure
Please follow individual advice that is set for you by your renal team and dietician, and if you aren’t sure if you should be following any specific diet, please speak with your medical team. Be aware of the particular medication you are taking, as this may also limit how much alcohol you are allowed to drink. Drinking alcohol alongside some medications can cause problems with other organs such as your liver. “You may still be able to drink alcohol if you have kidney disease, but it’s advisable not to exceed the recommended limits of more than 14 alcohol units a week.
Cancer experts strongly recommend not drinking alcohol at all due to its potentially harmful effects on the body. Alcohol is known to increase your risk for several different types of cancer and cause kidney damage over time. According to the results of the current study, alcohol consumption trends had a very weak and nonsignificant association with the odds of CKD prevalence and the odds of its progression from stage 2 CKD as compared with stage 1 CKD.
They have been demonstrated to have ROS scavenging, antiplatelet, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiaging, and cardiovascular and renal-protective effects 105–112. Moreover, other bioactivators in red wine, excluding resveratrol, and those in white wine, also have the function of ROS scavenging and renal protection 7,84,113. In contrast, Menon et al. could not find any adverse or beneficial effects of alcohol consumption on kidney function in the elderly 88. A Japanese cohort study also found that CKD is an independent risk factor for higher rates of stroke in men and women. Furthermore, moderate alcohol consumption appears to be harmful in patients with CKD because it increases the incidence of cerebral hemorrhages 14,89. NO is a free gaseous signal molecule produced by the NOS family, including neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and it plays an important role in hemodynamics regulation.
2. Evaluation of Risk Factors
In addition, long-term alcohol consumption can lead to injuries of renal tubules 1,2,30,39,51. Na+-K+-ATPase present on the proximal tubular epithelial membrane is important for tubular reabsorption. However, recent studies have demonstrated that its activity is decreased by ROS and lipid peroxidation with the consumption of ethyl alcohol 22,41,52.
More clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm the effect of alcohol consumption on CKD. Additionally, the drinking pattern, integral dose of alcohol consumption, differences in alcohol beverages, and various concomitant factors should be considered, as they have a significant influence on the effects of alcohol consumption. First, many studies are based on patients’ routine health checkups, as annual health examinations do not allow researchers to evaluate any fluctuation in serum creatinine and other biomarkers.
- While there is a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence that resveratrol could be a promising therapeutic agent, clinical trials must confirm its potential.
- Gender differences may stem from hormonal influences, as male androgen testosterone potentially exacerbates oxidative stress (47).
- One of the reasons for this sex difference might be the different pharmacokinetics of ethyl alcohol between men and women.
Therefore, excessive alcohol consumption places a major strain on the normal metabolic processes of the kidneys. For example, alcohol can induce the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which can result in oxidative stress in the kidneys, leading to potential renal injury resulting from hemodynamic disorders and inflammation 24–28. Apart from its cardioprotective effects, resveratrol also exerts anticarcinogenic, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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- Samadi et al. also suggested that ethanol induces depression of nephrin and podocin in podocytes, which contributes to renal injury and proteinuria and is mediated by oxidative stress 44.
- Among these families, Dipterocarpaceae, containing 50 resveratrol’s, accounts for the majority, being involved 7 Dipterocarpaceae genera, including Vatica, Vateria, Shorea, Hopea, Neobalanocarpus, Dipterocarpus and Dryobalanops 9.
- Therefore, caution should be taken when using supplemental resveratrol doses for health benefits, such as chemoprevention.
- This review focused on 21 clinical studies of the relationship between alcohol consumption and CKD, including 13 cohort studies and 8 cross-sectional studies.
Moderation with adequate hydration and a balanced diet is unlikely to cause kidney stones. When it comes to health matters, seeking guidance from professionals with expertise in the field is invaluable. Healthcare professionals offer valuable insights into the relationship between alcohol consumption and kidney stone risk. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to an increase in the excretion of calcium in the urine. This excess calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate, and form crystals that become the foundation of kidney stones.
Moreover, many patients were excluded from the long-term observational studies because they did not attend routine annual health checkups. Although the researchers do not analyze the reasons why people are lost to follow-up, we cannot ignore the possibility that some patients were diagnosed with CKD and had begun regular medical treatment in another medical center. We also realize that previous studies did not include an adequate number of heavy drinkers, especially female heavy drinkers. Therefore, the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and CKD may be affected by this sampling bias 16,79,117. However, clinical research shows the amounts and patterns of alcohol consumption both affect eGFR in patients with CKD 7.