It may lead to interactions with various cytochrome P450 (CYP), especially when taken at high doses 150. Resveratrol has been reported to inhibit CYP3A4 activity, in vitro 151 and in healthy volunteers 152. Therefore, high resveratrol intakes even in through form of supplements with additional medications could potentially reduce drugs metabolic clearance that undergo extensive first-pass CYP3A4 metabolism, hence increasing both bioavailability and toxicity risk of these drugs.
Alcohol consumption, including vodka and red wine, also reduced serum insulin concentrations and enhanced the insulin sensitivity index 24,25. A moderate amount of alcohol drinking decreases the risk of developing diabetes, showing a U-shaped association 26. Other studies found that alcohol combined with energy drinks, caffeine, or soft drinks can disturb the physiological redox reaction and cause lipoperoxidation in the liver and nephrotoxicity 30,118.
Resveratrol is widely known for its renowned beneficial biological effects, namely involving its chemopreventive and antioxidant properties. However, some studies have documented that it may behave as a pro-oxidizing agent 112; thus, paradoxically, it may also have implication in pathology of several diseases. Resveratrol showed antibacterial alcohol consumption can be a double-edged sword for chronic kidney disease patients pmc activity against Gram-positive bacteria and time-kill assays showed that its effects were due to its bacteriostatic action 105. However, the mechanism underlying its antibacterial activity is not clearly understood 106.
Associations Between Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Gene Polymorphisms and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case-Contro…
Structurally, stilbenoids possess two aromatic rings linked by an ethylene or ethene bridge with a variety of substituents. Even though, the presence of double bond suggests that stilbenoids exist in cis- as well as trans-form. Resveratrol molecules are synthesized from phenylalanine pathway through multiple enzymatic reactions. Traditionally, resveratrol has been used for stomachache, hepatitis, arthritis, urinary tract infections, fungal diseases or skin inflammation treatment, but the main biological potential of resveratrol belongs to cardioprotection.
3 Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis
The kidneys are essential in maintaining the body’s fluid levels and are very sensitive to hydration, detecting dehydration by recognizing when electrolyte levels become more concentrated. This conflicts with the increased urine production alcohol simultaneously creates by affecting vasopressin levels, significantly increasing the stress and strain on the kidneys by forcing them to try to produce more and less urine simultaneously. It’s worth noting that the harmful effects of alcohol may outweigh the potential benefits.
Effects of Ethanol on the Kidneys
Specifically, resveratrol is well known biologically active compound synthesized by plants undergoing infectious or ionizing radiation. Renaud and De Lorgeril were the first to relate wine polyphenols such as resveratrol, to the potential health benefits attributed to regular and moderate wine consumption (the so called “French Paradox”) 2. Resveratrol has since received an increasing scientific attention, leading to investigation on its biological activity, and to numerous publications 3.
- It should be noted that not all the aforementioned findings can be generalized to the total population as the patient sample that was used was limited, either geographically or age-wise.
- Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated resveratrol analogue, was first isolated from Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandalwood), a plant used in traditional medicine for diabetes treatment 26.
- A compromised diluting ability has important implications for the management of patients with advanced liver disease.
- First, many studies are based on patients’ routine health checkups, as annual health examinations do not allow researchers to evaluate any fluctuation in serum creatinine and other biomarkers.
Can Drinking Cause Kidney Stones?
Oxidative stress refers to the process of cellular oxidative damage induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a crucial factor in inducing renal fibrosis (4, 5). Elevated levels of oxidative stress are already present in the early stages of CKD (6, 7). As the disease progresses, the levels of pro-oxidant biomarkers gradually increase, while those of antioxidant biomarkers, such as glutathione peroxidase and carbonyl stress biomarkers, decrease (8, 9). However, measuring these biomarkers requires specialized techniques and is challenging to implement, thus limiting their clinical application. The high interconnectivity of the biological molecular network in the body also poses limitations, as it fails to comprehensively consider the intricate and interdependent interactions among biomolecules (10).
2. Relationship between alcohol consumption and eGFR stratified by gender and hyperuricemia status.
In summary, there is no exact evidence that alcohol consumption aggravates the state of CKD or increases all-cause mortality in CKD, and the protective effect of abstinence on such patients is unclear. Although many studies stated that people should not start drinking for any reason, and alcohol consumption can increase disease risk 125, we also cite many studies demonstrating the protective effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption in our review. Although there has long been controversy about the renal-protective effect of alcohol consumption on kidney injury, the renal-protective effects of polyphenols and other bioactivators from wine has been demonstrated in many studies 15,95,97,101–103. These include anthocyanins, which are the main polyphenols in red grapes, and resveratrol, which is the most famous polyphenolic compound found in red wine 104.
Side-Effects of Resveratrol
Adopting healthy drinking habits, staying hydrated, and making mindful lifestyle choices can significantly reduce your risk of kidney stones. Remember, it’s all about moderation and maintaining a balanced approach to enjoy life while safeguarding your kidney health. Rather, it is an umbrella term not specifically defined and refers to kidney diseases caused by alcohol use. Alcohol use can increase the risk of glomerulonephritis, a condition in which the kidney’s filtering structures become inflamed and damaged.
- Adopting a holistic approach to your lifestyle can significantly impact your kidney health.
- Hepatorenal syndrome, which is secondary to alcoholic hepatitis 65, and acute kidney injury, secondary to rhabdomyolysis, also cannot be ignored 46.
- Many studies have confirmed that unhealthy diet and lifestyle can cause various diseases, and heavy alcohol consumption is one of the important factors 66.
- Resveratrol is also able to decrease histopathological and biochemical damages and to exert protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury induced ovarian damages.
Contrarily, at physiological concentrations, resveratrol induces vasodilation, and consequently decreases hypertension and cardiovascular diseases risk 79. On the other hand, these results have also confirmed the uses of Polygonum cuspidatum as a resveratrol source to treat and to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis in traditional chinese medicine 80,81,82. Overall, the cardiovascular protective effect of resveratrol have been linked to multiple molecular targets and might be useful to the development of novel therapy for atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure 83.
Atherosclerotic lesions staining in control and resveratrol-treated groups revealed that resveratrol-treated rabbits had significantly more aortic surface area covered by atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, resveratrol promoted atherosclerotic development, rather than protect against it, by an independent mechanism of differences observed in gross animal health, liver function, plasma cholesterol concentrations, or LDL oxidative status 144. Ferry-Dumazet et al. 145 aiming to analyze resveratrol nephrotoxicity effects, given orally 3000 mg/kg b.w. It resulted in nephrotoxicity documented as elevated serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, increased kidney weights, gross renal pathology changes, and an increased incidence and severity of histopathological changes in kidneys.
Albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 29–37 μg/mL, including against 11 other Candida species 102. Albicans could be reached at 400 μg/mL, thereby minimizing the antifungal role of resveratrol against C. When you consume alcohol, your body responds by producing more urine due to its diuretic effect. To further validate the robustness of our findings, we applied multiple imputation methods to generate five imputed datasets. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on each of the five imputed datasets, and similar results were obtained in the fully adjusted models, confirming the negative association between OBS and the risk of CKD (Supplementary Table 2).
Associated Data
In general, the proximal part of the small intestine is the main site for alcohol absorption. Additionally, the stomach, large intestine, esophagus, and even the mouth can absorb small amounts of ethyl alcohol 21. These insights underscore the critical role of health professionals in guiding informed choices that safeguard our health and promote longevity. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, especially severe pain, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. Many of us are becoming increasingly conscious of the choices we make, especially when it comes to what we eat and drink. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.